Web9 Apr 2024 · As a newcomer to thin-film solar cells, the quality of the as-prepared absorb layer remains the most difficult challenge, owing to its distinct crystal structure. Here, a ... resulting in more suitable features, such as large grain size, smooth surface, and proper bandgap, which are beneficial for constructing high performance solar devices. ... Web25 Apr 2024 · Grain sizes of thin films of different materials (For different materials see Deposition Material Table) at needed vacuum levels for the purpose of sample …
Grain Size and Phase Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape …
WebThe thin films have dense and smooth surface morphologies. With an increase in the thin film thickness, the grain size increases and the grain boundaries become clearer due to the enhanced thermal budget effects. [68, 70] For the BF30 thin film with the largest film thickness, some grains are broken due to the release of stress during processing. Web18 Jan 2024 · Atomic force microscopy is utilized to measure the grain size and illustrate the surface roughness of synthesized films, as in Fig. 5. The size of the grains was observed that increase with increasing the thickness (deposition time) of the films, which was recorded (52, 57, 69 and 75 nm) for NiO–Cu 300, NiO–Cu 600, NiO–Cu 900, and NiO–Cu … gushers flower time
What is the relation between grain size and roughness of thin film ...
Web1 Mar 2016 · {111} bulk polycrystalline experimental thin film (grain size 15 nm) 73 {111} bulk polycrystalline experimental thin film (grain size 75 nm) 80 {111} bulk polycrystalline isostrain condition : 87 {111} bulk polycrystalline isostress condition : 40–80: 0.06–16 μm thick : 57: 1 μm thick : Web20 Jul 2024 · result was found to be attributable to its small grain size [21]. This study investigated the variations in the grain size and phase transformation characteristics of TiNi shape memory alloy thin films prepared using DC magnetron sputtering, under di erent deposition conditions. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Growth of the Thin Film Web14 Mar 2024 · A Comparison of Grain Size Measurements in Al-Cu Thin Films: Imaging Vs. Diffraction Techniques - Volume 10 Issue 6. ... exist for the measurement of grain size distributions in polycrystalline thin-film samples. The accuracy of each technique is affected by three major factors: the effective resolution of the instrument relative to the ... gushers for sale